Xenophobia shapes public policy, drives political campaigns, and even sparks hate crimes. Manifestations of xenophobia are usually triggered by intense dislike or hatred against. Xenophobia international journal of humanities and social science. Xenophobia and nationalism can be seen as a reaction to the rise of globalization. More commonly, the term is used to denote a dislike of foreigners. Xenophobia is defined by heinemann english dictionary as fear or hatred of foreigners or people from different cultures.
Many of the communities of color that face racial discrimination in the united states also experience xenophobia because theyre immigrants or belong to an ethnic group thats widely perceived as foreign. Nonetheless, the escalating xenophobic violence that erupted in 2008 gave much impetus in scholarly attention to amply delve on the drivers and consequences of xenophobia. List of books and articles about xenophobia online. As a sociologist puts it, xenophobia is an attitudinal orientation of hostility against nonnatives in a given. Fear, hatred, or mistrust of that which is foreign, especially strangers or people from different countries or cultures. Xenophobia can also mean the fear of trying new things, but it is usually the fear of differences between people.
Xenophobia is the fear or dislike of strangers or unknown things. Xenophobia meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. This level of fear or hatred goes beyond average prejudice or racism traits that use convenient beliefs, arguments andor stereotypes for justification, and usually has no real. Xenophobia definition of xenophobia by merriamwebster. Xenophobia is experienced in the north and the south, in the southern african development community sadc regions and other countries. Protection of migrants against racist, discriminatory and. Xenophobia toward refugees and other forced migrants reliefweb. This section on definitions examines the following terms. United against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia. In the dictionary, the term xenophobia is defined as a hatred or fear of foreigners south african pocket oxford dictionary of current english, 1994. Xenophobia the cause of terrorism in a democratic society. Xenophobia definition, fear or hatred of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers.
In 2008, the violence started in alexandra on the night of 11 may and lasted for four more nights before the police contained it. Xenophobia can involve perceptions of an ingroup toward an outgroup and can manifest itself in suspicion of the activities of others, and a desire to eliminate their presence to secure a presumed purity and may relate to a fear. Find 159 synonyms for xenophobia and other similar words that you can use instead based on 3 separate contexts from our thesaurus. Thus, although this body of law does not define the term xenophobic. Xenophobia is a broad notion, associated with a variety of meanings. Xenophobia definition of xenophobia by the free dictionary. The irony is that the recurrent theme of terrorism has become the daily. Xenophobia definition and meaning collins english dictionary. In general xenophobia is a phenomenon that has become familiar both in south africa and abroad. Punishment of individual, prejudicemotivated perpetrators guilty of xenophobic discrimination. Xenophobia definition is fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign. The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike foreigners or of people significantly different a retrospective study of the effects of.
The targets were individuals who had migrated from the north in search of asylum. Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange. While never granted refugee status they were technically allowed to settle in the bantustans or black homelands created during the apartheid system. The history of the word xenophobia the word isnt as old as you might think xenophobia fear or hatred of strangers or foreignershas the look and feel of a word that has been in the english language for hundreds of years, borne of the tumultuous political climates of the renaissance and the penchant that many writers back then had for. International migration, racism, discrimination and xenophobia. Xenophobia is an area of study that has not received a lot of attention on the part of researchers in the zululand region. In general xenophobia is a phenomenon that has become familiar both in. By the standard dictionary definition, xenophobia is the intense dislike or fear of strangers or people from other countries. In this case, the definition of foreign could be used in the reference to the. People who look different, speak a different language, or have different customs can appear threatening to those who are used to only one particular ethnic.
Xenophobia may sound like a groovy disco move, but it is a serious anxiety disorder. Xenophobia definition of xenophobia by medical dictionary. But, contrary to popular belief, xenophobia in south africa is not just a problem of the poor. Examples of xenophobia from various parts of the world. Xenophobia, simply put, is the fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers. Xenophobia pronounced zenophobia is a dislike or prejudice towards people from other countries. Xenophobia in south africa a brief summary by alice. The term xenophobia comes from the greek words xenos, meaning foreigner, stranger, and phobos, meaning fear. Nyamjoh captures the definition of xenophobia in the south african context, by. For present purposes, we adopt a holistic definition of xenophobia as, attitudes, prejudices and. With this definition, one could say that racism is intertwined with physical and cultural characteristics of an individual. Legal instruments to combat racism and xenophobia comparative assessment of the legal instruments implemented in the various member states to combat all forms of discrimination, racism and xenophobia and incitement to hatred and raciql violence december 1992 directorate general employment, industrial relations and social affairs.
Between 1984 and the end of hostilities in that country, an estimated 50,000 to 350,000 mozambicans fled to south africa. International migration, racism, discrimintation and. A retrospective study of the effects of xenophobia on. Xenophobia thus means the fear of a stranger or foreigner bordeau.
Yet the meaning of this multisyllabic word remains a mystery to many of the people who adopt xenophobic attitudes or find themselves subjected to them. It does not, however, provide guidance or indicators for assessing the root causes of xenophobic. Xenophobia may be about foreign things or people, or just the attitudes of a group towards other groups. Yet, the term is so loaded with conceptual problems that a totally accepted definition of it still does not exist. In may 2008, xenophobic violence erupted in south africa. This report, although published by the fra, is not the fra annual report. Each team has at least 2 members, a general and a heros. The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike foreigners or of people significantly different a. Xenophobia is defined as the fear or hatred of strangers and their culture.
Xenophobia simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In this case, the definition of foreign could be used in the reference to. Emerging first in township communities around johannesburg, the aggression spread to other provinces. A critical study of the phenomenon and pragmatic solutions for south africa by gideon rwanda muchiri submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree. Defining xenophobia the concept of xenophobia is believed to have originated from two greek. Anti xenophobia initiatives within the united nations framework have taken what can be described as a personal prejudice approach to combatting xenophobic anxiety and discrimination, advocating. Xenophobia in south africa causes, attacks and history. This report on racism and xenophobia in the eu is the first to be published since the creation of the european union agency for fundamental rights fra on 1 march 2007, following the extension of the mandate of the european monitoring centre on racism and xenophobia eumc. Understanding prejudice and racism sage publications. Initially it was described as a psychological disposition of people towards foreigners but in recent times it is used to describe intergroup relations in the context of mass migration. Bronwyn harris is a former project manager at the centre for the study of violence and reconciliation. Xenophobia is a term that refers to a generalized and irrational dislike, fear or hatred of outsiders or persons who are of different cultures or ethnic groups. Xenophobia and racism go hand in hand, as the examples in this overview demonstrate. Xenophobia seems to be a far greater issue than homophobia locally.
Thereafter a theoretical discussion analyzes relevant theory on why xenophobia occurs, present earlier research in the field and our hypotheses. Xenophobia is a dislike andor fear of that which is unknown or different from one. Definitions of medical xenophobia presented by scholars like crush and tawodzera and zihindula et al. Understanding the roots and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants. The current xenophobic cultural environment in the united states makes it imperative that psychologists understand the nature of xenophobia and recognize its consequences. A critical study of the phenomenon and pragmatic solutions for south africa in the postapartheid period, thousands of refugees, migrant workers and other categories of foreign nationals have been attacked, killed, displaced or deprived of their property in xenophobic attacks throughout south africa. Xenophobia is the fear and stigmatization of foreigners. Xenophobia is strong and unreasonable dislike or fear of people from other countries. Some important definitions it is important to clarify and define key terms used throughout this book.
Manifestations of xenophobia are usually triggered by intense dislike or hatred against people that are perceived as outsiders, strangers or. Information and translations of xenophobia in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Report on racism and xenophobia in the member states of. By the standard dictionary definition, xenophobia is. Collective fear of groups like immigrants, refugees, or asylum seekers leads to negative. Pdf xenophobia has become a recurrent phenomenon in africa. Xenophobia project chaos is an rts fps multiplayer 3d game. That would be xylophonophobia true story its a real thing. Xenophobia in south africa before 1994 attacks against mozambican and congolese immigrants. Xenophobia unl digital commons university of nebraskalincoln. Xenophobia is an ethnic problem that has plagued our world since ancient times, and is still widely prevalent today in many countries, including developed nations such as the united states and large parts of europe. Most of the reports we received on our website were linked to ethnic origin and religion. Reflections, narratives and recommendations hussein solomon university of the free state, republic of south africa hitomi kosaka osaka university, japan and university of the free state abstract xenophobia, simply put, is the fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers.
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